XARTATOMS 研究 M104（草帽星系）的热气体晕：用 XMM-Newton 与 Chandra 的 X 射线光谱，测出晕内气体的温度、密度、熵随半径的分布，并检验“引力束缚的静力气体”与“反馈加热的风”两种图景。数据是 XMM 的三次观测（中心 0900170101 加两个偏置指向），拟合用 Sherpa 的 APEC 热等离子体模型加多种背景成分。当前科学基线是 v18 拟合管线。
XARTATOMS studies the hot-gas halo of M104 (the Sombrero Galaxy): using X-ray spectra from XMM-Newton and Chandra it measures how the temperature, density and entropy of the halo gas change with radius, and tests the two competing pictures — a gravitationally bound hydrostatic gas versus a feedback-heated wind. The data are three XMM observations (central 0900170101 plus two offset pointings); the fitting uses Sherpa with an APEC thermal-plasma model plus several background components. The current science baseline is the v18 fitting pipeline.
cognition-os/00_AI_BRIEFING.md（One-paragraph project summary）/ cognition-os/CLAUDE.md
项目骨架（最新）
Project skeleton (latest)
数据流：事件文件 → ESAS/SAS 提取 → v18 联合拟合 → 径向温度/熵轮廓 →（待做）2D 图。红色虚线为已搁置的 SZ 对比。 Data flow: event files → ESAS/SAS extraction → v18 joint fitting → radial kT/entropy profiles → (to do) 2D maps. The dashed red box is the parked SZ comparison.
四问目标（2026-10-14 PI 新增）
The four-question objectives (added by the PI on 2026-10-14)
| 目标Objective | 问题Question | 状态Status | 当前最佳数字（来源）Best current number (source) | 趋势Trend | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q-AQ-A | 哪种本地拟合策略给出的投影温度可靠？ | Which local fitting strategy gives a reliable projected temperature? | QuestionedQuestioned | 无策略被认证（T153）：试点（R2-4 Angle1，50 实现 × 2 策略）偏差 +0.0046/−0.0027 keV、条件覆盖率 0.76/0.80；验证网格需加速 — .agent/jobs/2026-10-14-fit-reliability-audit/REPORT.sol.md（T153） |
No strategy certified (T153): the pilot (R2-4 Angle1, 50 realizations × 2 strategies) gives biases +0.0046/−0.0027 keV and conditional coverages 0.76/0.80; the validation grid needs acceleration — .agent/jobs/2026-10-14-fit-reliability-audit/REPORT.sol.md (T153) |
|
| Q-BQ-B | Chandra+XMM 联合的 M104 温度 profile 是什么（10′ 内）？ | What is the Chandra+XMM kT profile of M104 (within 10′)? | Parked → reroutingParked → rerouting | 旧严格交集管线搁置（D46，8/20 PASS、无被接受单元）；逐仪器支持路线运行中（job 2026-10-15-chandra-xmm-perinst-profile），尚无新温度 — cognition-os/04_DECISION_LOG.md D46 |
Old strict-intersection pipeline parked (D46, 8/20 PASS, no accepted cell); the per-instrument-support route is running (job 2026-10-15-chandra-xmm-perinst-profile), no new temperatures yet — cognition-os/04_DECISION_LOG.md D46 |
|
| Q-CQ-C | 为何 ~13′ 亮度反而比内侧和 15–30′ 更亮？ | Why is the intensity brighter at ~13′ than inside and at 15–30′? | Resolved: artefactResolved: artefact | 假象（Provisional，I065）：flux 已是每 arcmin²（B020），旧 flux/area 双重归一；裸 SB 比 1.37，冻结 kT 后 1.07；图像 1.041±0.068 无超出；WARP 星系团拟合为 0 — cognition-os/insights/I065_*.md；开放：外环拟合方法、15–30′ 对比不可测 |
Artefact (Provisional, I065): the saved flux is already per arcmin² (B020), so the old flux/area double-normalised; bare-SB ratio 1.37, 1.07 with kT frozen; images 1.041±0.068 show no excess; the WARP cluster fits to 0 — cognition-os/insights/I065_*.md; open: the outer-ring fit method, the 15–30′ comparison not testable |
|
| Q-DQ-D | 2D 强度图 + 2D 温度图（区分 feedback 与引力束缚气体） | 2D intensity map + 2D kT map (feedback vs gravitationally bound gas) | OpenOpen | 亮度图运行中（job 2d-intensity-map，清单+首批马赛克构建中）；温度图等 Q-A 可靠方法 — cognition-os/02_CURRENT_QUESTION.md（2026-10-15 节） |
Intensity map running (job 2d-intensity-map, inventory + first mosaic in build); kT map waits for a reliable method from Q-A — cognition-os/02_CURRENT_QUESTION.md (2026-10-15 section) |
更早的科学目标
Older science objectives
| 目标Objective | 状态Status | 当前最佳数字（来源）Best current number (source) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| 密度/熵轮廓（S06 主线） | Density/entropy profile (S06 main line) | ProvisionalProvisional | K ≈ 67 → 407 keV cm²（10–43 kpc）；t_cool ≈ 10 → 137 Gyr — figure/radial_thermo_profiles_v18/entropy_cooling_time_profile_v18_v15beta.csv |
K ≈ 67 → 407 keV cm² (10–43 kpc); t_cool ≈ 10 → 137 Gyr — figure/radial_thermo_profiles_v18/entropy_cooling_time_profile_v18_v15beta.csv |
| SZ / X 射线张力（~2 倍差异） | SZ / X-ray tension (~2× discrepancy) | ParkedParked | X 射线导出 SZ 比参考高约 2 倍；数据版本问题 — cognition-os/00_AI_BRIEFING.md（S04） |
X-ray-derived SZ is ~2× the reference; data-version issue — cognition-os/00_AI_BRIEFING.md (S04) |
未解问题
Open problems
| 问题Problem | 为什么重要Why it matters | 最佳假设Best hypothesis | 下一个检验Next test | 负责人Owner | 状态Status | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Q-A：无策略被认证；全网格验证未跑，需加速 | Q-A: no strategy certified; the full validation grid has not run and needs acceleration | 没有“谁对谁错”的判据，任何温度图都建立在未验证的方法上 | Without a criterion, every temperature map rests on an unvalidated method | 试点偏差近 0、覆盖率 0.76/0.80（条件性偏高），但全网格被边缘区真值模型与背景假设卡住 | Pilot bias ≈ 0 with coverages 0.76/0.80 (conditional, above nominal), but the full grid is blocked by edge-region truth-model provenance and background assumptions | 全网格注入–恢复（含 QPB 观测值抽样、背景错设臂）；MOS1-free vs MOS1-with-extra-SP 拟合对比 | Full-grid injection–recovery (sampling the observed QPB estimate, background-misspecification arm); MOS1-free vs MOS1-with-extra-SP fit tests | T153；job fit-reliability-audit 后续T153; follow-up of job fit-reliability-audit |
OpenOpen |
| Q-B：旧联合管线搁置；逐仪器支持路线刚起步 | Q-B: old joint pipeline parked; the per-instrument route has just started | 10′ 内的 Chandra+XMM 温度 profile 是四问之一，也是温度图的输入 | The Chandra+XMM kT profile within 10′ is one of the four questions and an input to the temperature map | 旧 J1/J2 双分支是模型假象（共享 kT + 各仪器自由 norm → Chandra norm→0）加上 5% 严格交集支持（T152） | The old J1/J2 bimodality is a model artefact (shared kT + free per-instrument norms → Chandra norm→0) plus 5% strict-intersection support (T152) | 逐仪器全环拟合（D46）：面亮度跨仪器联结、交叉标定 0.7–1.3、kT 0.2–3 keV、profile 网格 ≥40 点 | Per-instrument full-annulus fits (D46): SB linked across instruments, free cross-calibration 0.7–1.3, kT 0.2–3 keV, profile grids of ≥40 points | job 2026-10-15-chandra-xmm-perinst-profilejob 2026-10-15-chandra-xmm-perinst-profile |
RunningRunning |
| Q-C：外环谱的拟合方法；15–30′ 对比（R′）不可测 | Q-C: the outer-ring spectral fit method; the 15–30′ comparison (R′) not testable | 13′ 假象已定性（I065），但外环（10–14′，FoV 边缘 ~50% 被裁）的谱点仍不可用：kT 上限撞 1 keV 参数顶、源/背景简并 | The 13′ artefact is characterised (I065), but the outer-ring (10–14′, ~50% clipped at the FoV edge) spectral points remain unusable: kT upper limits hit the 1 keV ceiling, source/background degenerate | 归一错误 + 弱信号简并（I065，Provisional） | Normalisation error + weak-signal degeneracy (I065, Provisional) | 更宽 kT 范围 + profile-likelihood 误差，或绑定/正则化径向模型，或用偏置指向（0900170501/0601） | Wider kT range + profile-likelihood errors, or a tied/regularised radial model, or the offset pointings (0900170501/0601) | Q-C 后续（并入 Virgo 再抽谱 D47）Q-C follow-up (folded into the Virgo re-reduction D47) | OpenOpen |
| Q-D：2D 温度图（等 Q-A） | Q-D: the 2D temperature map (waits for Q-A) | feedback 与引力束缚气体的区分需要 2D 温度 | Separating feedback from bound gas needs a 2D temperature field | 等 Q-A 给出可靠方法后，按 E030/E031 的 20% 精度验收规则分区 | After Q-A yields a reliable method, bin by the E030/E031 20%-precision acceptance rule | 亮度图先行（运行中）；kT 图等 Q-A | Intensity map first (running); the kT map waits for Q-A | job 2d-intensity-map → Q-Ajob 2d-intensity-map → Q-A |
OpenOpen |
| MOS1 静态（非耀发）硬过剩：每个指向都偏高 | MOS1 quiescent (non-flare) hard excess: high in every pointing | MOS1 参与所有 v18 拟合；若其背景模型欠 5–20%，会偏置 kT | MOS1 enters every v18 fit; a 5–20% background underestimate would bias kT | 静态 SP 成分或 MOS1 参考系统误差（成因 Questioned） | A quiescent SP component or MOS1 reference systematics (cause Questioned) | Q-A 阶段 2：MOS1-free vs MOS1-with-extra-SP 拟合对比（I066） | Q-A stage 2: MOS1-free vs MOS1-with-extra-SP fit tests (I066) | I066/T151；Q-A 后续I066/T151; Q-A follow-up | ProvisionalProvisional |
| 点源/星系团遮蔽无法把残余压到 <5% | Point-source/cluster masking cannot push residuals below 5% | 弱晕区（R11-13 Angle2 残余/晕比当前 3.6）做任何温度测量前必须先处理残余 | Before any temperature measurement in the faint-halo region (residual/halo currently 3.6 in R11-13 Angle2), the residual must be handled | PSF 翼与星系团发射遮不掉（E035，mask 规则 v2 后残余/晕比仍 0.95） | PSF wings and cluster emission are not maskable (E035; after mask rule v2 the residual/halo ratio is still 0.95) | 建模残余：星系团作为 APEC 成分 + 空间加权残余模型；固定 CXB 归一须与 mask 流量阈值匹配（E035） | Model the residual: the cluster as an APEC component + a spatially weighted residual model; the fixed CXB normalisation must match the mask flux cut (E035) | E035；Virgo 再抽谱 D47E035; the Virgo re-reduction D47 | ProvisionalProvisional |
| Virgo 再抽谱计划（D47） | The Virgo re-reduction plan (D47) | B020/I065/E035 的修正（正确 SB、mask v2、建模残余）都要落到新的提取产品上 | The corrections from B020/I065/E035 (correct SB, mask v2, modelled residual) must land in new extraction products | 以 v1.7.8 基线复现为对照，每阶段只改一个设计元素 | Reproduce the v1.7.8 baseline as the control, then change one design element per stage | S0 基线复现运行中（ODF 356/356 校验和通过）；后续阶段按 D47 顺序 | S0 baseline reproduction running (ODF 356/356 checksums pass); later stages follow the D47 order | job virgo-rereduction-s0；D47job virgo-rereduction-s0; D47 |
RunningRunning |
未来 1–4 周计划
Plan for the next 1–4 weeks
计划完全来自 cognition-os/02_CURRENT_QUESTION.md（2026-10-14/15 节）与各 job 的 BRIEF/REPORT，不是本手册的发明。2026-10-15 04:30Z 更新：首批 job 已完成（Q-A 审计、Q-C 诊断、Q-B 只读审计、GTI/mask 设计），后续 job（逐仪器 profile、Virgo S0、亮度图）运行中。
The plan comes entirely from cognition-os/02_CURRENT_QUESTION.md (2026-10-14/15 sections) and the job briefs/reports; it is not invented by this handbook. Update 2026-10-15 04:30Z: the first wave of jobs has finished (Q-A audit, Q-C diagnosis, Q-B read-only audit, GTI/mask design); the follow-up jobs (per-instrument profile, Virgo S0, intensity map) are running.
| 周Week | 内容Content | |
|---|---|---|
| 11 | Q-A 策略清单 + 同区对比 + 注入–恢复试点（R2-4，2 策略 × 50 实现） | Q-A strategy inventory + same-region comparison + injection–recovery pilot (R2-4, 2 strategies × 50 realizations) |
| 11 | Q-C 七个假设的数值检验，给出 13′ 过亮的成因与修正方案 | Q-C numerical tests of the seven hypotheses; identify the cause of the 13′ excess and a fix |
| 1–21–2 | Q-D 亮度图：产品清单 + 背景扣除马赛克 + 与 v18 谱轮廓交叉核对 | Q-D intensity map: product inventory + background-subtracted mosaic + cross-check against the v18 spectral profile |
| 1–21–2 | Q-B 只读审计：20 单元状态矩阵、停止原因、恢复计划与替代路线（E031） | Q-B read-only audit: 20-cell status matrix, stop causes, resume plan and the alternative route (E031) |
| 2–42–4 | Q-A 全网格注入–恢复 → 选定参考方法 → Q-D 温度图按 20% 规则分区试点 | Q-A full-grid injection–recovery → choose the reference method → Q-D kT-map binning pilot under the 20% rule |
本次更新
What's new
- 2026-10-15（阶段 2 修订）：Q-C 13′ 超出改判为假象（I065/B020）——v18 保存的 flux 本就是每 arcmin²，旧 flux/area 双重归一；图与文字全部更正。Q-A 试点结果（无策略认证，T153）、Q-B 搁置与逐仪器路线（D46）、GTI 保留 2.filter（I066）、mask 规则 v2 与"残余必须建模"（E035）、Virgo 再抽谱计划（D47）入表。新增开问题：MOS1 静态硬过剩。
- 2026-10-15 (stage-2 revision): the Q-C 13′ excess is reclassified as an artefact (I065/B020) — the v18 saved flux was already per arcmin², so the old flux/area double-normalised; figure and text corrected throughout. The Q-A pilot result (no strategy certified, T153), the Q-B parking and per-instrument route (D46), keeping GTI 2.filter (I066), mask rule v2 with "the residual must be modelled" (E035), and the Virgo re-reduction plan (D47) entered the tables. New open problem: the MOS1 quiescent hard excess.
- 2026-10-15：手册首次构建（H-XART-001）；PI 新增四问（Q-A…Q-D），四个研究 job 派出。
- 2026-10-15: first handbook build (H-XART-001); the PI added four questions (Q-A…Q-D) and four research jobs were dispatched.
- 2026-07-15：D45 — P0 反馈检验 NO-GO（full-nuisance 区间过零），P1 停止。
- 2026-07-15: D45 — P0 feedback test NO-GO (full-nuisance interval crosses zero); P1 stopped.
- 2026-10-05/06：Chandra+XMM 联合管线停在 8/20 PASS。
- 2026-10-05/06: the Chandra+XMM joint pipeline stalled at 8/20 PASS.
数据截至
Data as of
2026-10-15 04:40Z 评审后的阶段 2 数据（cognition-os/sessions/2026-10-14.md 全文含 02:40Z 更正、00_AI_BRIEFING.md 顶部 2026-10-15 注记、02_CURRENT_QUESTION.md 2026-10-15 节、I065/I066、B020、E034/E035、T148–T153、D46/D47、各 job REPORT 与 2026-10-15-* BRIEF）。
Stage-2 data after the 2026-10-15 04:40Z review (the whole of cognition-os/sessions/2026-10-14.md including the 02:40Z retraction, the 2026-10-15 note atop 00_AI_BRIEFING.md, the 2026-10-15 sections of 02_CURRENT_QUESTION.md, I065/I066, B020, E034/E035, T148–T153, D46/D47, the job reports and the 2026-10-15-* briefs).